Articles on audit, taxes and accounting in Uzbekistan
Practical guides to statutory and initiative audit, taxation, accounting and reporting, and company registration in Uzbekistan. Every figure and deadline is given with a reference to the official source — the legal act on lex.uz.
Audit
- ACCA and Audit: What the Qualification GivesWhat ACCA is: audit exams, the link with DipIFR, and why an international accountant certificate matters for an audit organization in Uzbekistan.
- Accounting policy auditAccounting policy audit in Uzbekistan: compliance with NAS No. 1 and actual practice, a section-by-section checklist, what to update for 2027 under NFRS No. 2.
- Accounting Audit and Review: How to Know Your Books Are in OrderIndependent accounting review: audit of the books area by area, assessment of the accountant's work, tax risks, handover when the chief accountant changes.
- Audit and Accounting: The DifferenceAccounting and audit have different goals, performers and outputs. Why one firm cannot keep your books and also audit them (Art. 34 of Law ZRU-677).
- Accounts receivable auditHow an auditor tests accounts receivable in Uzbekistan: confirmations from counterparties, ageing analysis, allowance for doubtful debts, write-offs and tax aspects.
- Analytical procedures in auditAnalytical procedures in audit: comparing figures, ratio and trend analysis. How an auditor spots anomalies in Uzbekistan before testing documents in detail.
- Anti-Corruption AuditAnti-corruption audit in Uzbekistan: assessing compliance procedures, conflicts of interest in procurement and weak points where abuse is possible.
- Audit Before Applying for a LoanAuditing your financial statements before a loan application: why the bank wants an independent opinion, which indicators it tests and what to fix in advance.
- Confirmation Requests in an Audit: Why They Matter and How to RespondExternal confirmations under ISA 505: positive and negative requests, auditor control, non-responses and exceptions, and how to answer a counterparty's auditor.
- Audit documentationAudit documentation under ISA 230: what working papers contain, the requirements they must meet and why they matter for audit quality and supporting conclusions.
- Cost of Audit ServicesHow much a company audit costs: what drives the fee for statutory, voluntary and IFRS audits, what is included and how to get a fixed estimate.
- Audit Firms in Uzbekistan: International Networks and Local FirmsAudit firms in Uzbekistan: international networks and local firms, the official Register, the ranking published by May 1, how to vet an auditor and choose one.
- Audit Terms: A Short GlossaryKey audit terms in plain language: materiality, audit sampling, modified opinion, audit risk, management letter — and the legal definitions of Law ZRU-677.
- Audit When the Chief Accountant ChangesReviewing the books when the chief accountant changes in Uzbekistan: how to record the state of accounts at handover and split responsibility for past periods.
- Audit PlanningPlanning a financial statement audit: risk assessment, materiality, sample design and the overall audit strategy under ISA 300, 315 and 320.
- Audit ProceduresAudit procedures under ISA 500: inspection, observation, external confirmation, recalculation, reperformance, analytics and inquiry — with examples by audit area.
- Audit-Related ServicesWhich related services audit firms in Uzbekistan may provide under Article 33 of ZRU-677, how they differ from an audit and which cannot be combined with one.
- Audit Risk: The Risk Model and How It Drives the Scope of an AuditAudit risk under ISA 200 and ISA 315: inherent risk, control risk and detection risk, significant risks and why the scope of an audit differs between companies.
- Audit SamplingAudit sampling explained: how a sample is selected, why auditors do not test 100% of items and what an error found in the sample means — under ISA 530.
- Audit services: testing financial statements and assessing company risksLeader Audit audit services: statutory and voluntary audit, IFRS, due diligence and tax advisory in Uzbekistan. What is included, how the work runs, timelines.
- Auditor IndependenceWhen an audit firm may not audit a company in Uzbekistan: ties with the client, non-audit services, family links, 7 years in a row (Article 34, ZRU-677).
- Professional Ethics of the AuditorAuditor professional ethics in Uzbekistan: independence, objectivity, competence and confidentiality under Articles 4–8 of Law ZRU-677 and the IESBA Code of Ethics.
- Auditor Qualification Certificate: Requirements, Exam, TermAuditor qualification certificate in Uzbekistan: experience and education requirements, the exam, 5-year term renewable for 10 years and then indefinitely.
- How to Obtain an Auditor's Report: Process, Deadlines, DocumentsAn auditor's report is issued only after an audit. How to obtain one for the tax authority, a bank or a tender: stages, documents, deadlines and formal requirements.
- Rights and Obligations of the Parties in an AuditWhat an auditor may demand in Uzbekistan (Article 28 of ZRU-677), its duties (Article 29) and the audited company's duties: documents, explanations, 30-day reply.
- Audit of a Bank or Other Credit InstitutionBank audit in Uzbekistan: mandatory audit under Article 35 of Law ZRU-677, testing the loan portfolio and loss allowances, requirements for the audit firm.
- Audit of CashWhat an auditor checks for cash: cash count, bank confirmations, cash discipline, foreign currency accounts and amounts advanced to employees.
- Audit of Consolidated Financial StatementsAudit of consolidated financial statements: group perimeter, elimination of intragroup transactions, goodwill and working with component auditors under ISA 600.
- Construction Company AuditAuditing a construction company: revenue recognition under construction contracts, work in progress, settlements with subcontractors and materials usage.
- Audit of Costs and Cost of SalesCost audit: cost of sales and overhead allocation, documentary support, expenses that are not tax-deductible, and the risk of additional tax assessments.
- Documents for an AuditChecklist of documents for an audit: financial statements, accounting policy, ledgers, contracts, reconciliations and stocktake results. What to prepare in advance.
- Express Accounting AuditExpress audit of accounting in Uzbekistan: a short review of key areas within a few days to see the state of the books and assess risks before a full audit.
- External and internal audit: the differencesHow external audit differs from internal audit in Uzbekistan: who performs it, under which rules, who gets the result and how it ends. When you need each.
- Financial analysis and auditFinancial analysis and audit serve different purposes and give different results. What ratio analysis gives and when you need it alongside an audit.
- Financial statement audit in Uzbekistan: what is tested and how it endsFinancial statement audit under ISA in Uzbekistan: NAS and IFRS statements, who must be audited, the 15 June deadline, four types of audit opinion and deliverables.
- Fixed assets auditWhat the auditor tests for fixed assets in Uzbekistan: existence, initial cost, depreciation and revaluation under NAS No. 5, repairs versus upgrades, disposals.
- Forensic Audit: Investigating Abuse in a CompanyForensic audit — investigating abuse and fraud in a company: when it is needed, typical schemes, stages, the deliverable and how it differs from an audit.
- Internal Auditor and Head of the Internal Audit FunctionWhat an internal auditor and the head of internal audit do in Uzbekistan: functions, reporting to the audit committee, qualifications and performance assessment.
- How an Audit Works: Stages and TimingHow an audit works in Uzbekistan: contract, planning, fieldwork, discussion and the audit report. Auditor's rights and company duties under ZRU-677, timing.
- HR auditHR audit in Uzbekistan: review of employment contracts, HR orders, working time records and settlements with employees. Identifying risks before an inspection.
- Reviewing the Accounts of an Individual EntrepreneurReviewing the accounts of an individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan: is an audit mandatory for an IE, what is checked and when such a review makes sense.
- Audit of an Insurance CompanyAudit of an insurance company in Uzbekistan: why the audit is mandatory, how insurance reserves and claims are tested, and what the audit report contains.
- Audit of Intangible AssetsHow an auditor tests intangible assets: rights to the assets, recognition criteria under NAS No. 7 and IAS 38, amortisation, impairment, software and licences.
- Internal Audit FunctionInternal audit function in Uzbekistan: which organisations must set one up, reporting to the audit committee, staffing, the annual plan and measuring effectiveness.
- Internal Audit in a BankHow internal audit works in a bank in Uzbekistan: reporting to the board, Central Bank expectations, key areas reviewed and the link with the external audit.
- Internal audit planningHow to draw up a risk-based annual internal audit plan: audit universe, risk assessment, resources, approval by the audit committee and a sample plan.
- Internal Audit: What It Is and How It Works in a CompanyInternal audit explained: objectives and principles, IIA standards, how it differs from internal control and external audit, and how it works in a company.
- International Standards on AuditingISA as the audit standards of Uzbekistan under Article 9 of ZRU-677: which IAASB standards apply, how they are recognised (CM Resolution No. 171), what they mean.
- Audit of InventoriesInventory audit: observing the stocktake, valuation and write-off of inventories under NAS No. 4, slow-moving stock and write-downs, shortages and their tax effects.
- Investment AuditInvestment audit: verifying how investment funds were spent, whether project costs are justified and how actual spending compares with the approved budget.
- Audit of an IT CompanyAudit of an IT company in Uzbekistan: revenue recognition on projects, accounting for development costs, foreign customers and IT Park preferential regimes.
- Mandatory Audit of a Joint-Stock CompanyJSC audit in Uzbekistan: why a joint-stock company is audited regardless of size, what the auditor requests and how the opinion is used at the shareholders' meeting.
- Key Audit Matters (KAM) in the Auditor’s ReportISA 701 in plain terms: what key audit matters are, when the auditor must communicate them, how they are selected and what the KAM section of the report says.
- LLC Audit in Uzbekistan: When It Is Mandatory and What the Auditor ChecksWhen an LLC in Uzbekistan must be audited: two of three size criteria in Art. 35 of ZRU-677 (BCV 440,000 soums), state share, PIE status, the June 15 deadline.
- Management AuditManagement audit: assessing the quality of management reporting, the segregation of authority and the decision-making system in a company.
- The Management Letter After an AuditWhat a management letter is, how it differs from the auditor's report, what ISA 265 requires it to contain, and how to respond to the auditor within 30 days.
- Mandatory audit in Uzbekistan: who must, deadlines, fines and costWho must have a mandatory audit under Article 35 of ZRU-677, thresholds in UZS at a BCV of 440,000, the 15 June deadline, fines, stages and what drives the cost.
- Audit of a manufacturing companyAudit of a manufacturing company in Uzbekistan: product costing, material consumption standards, accounting for work in progress and defective output.
- Materiality in auditMateriality in audit under ISA 320: how it is calculated, what it affects and why not every error found by the auditor must be corrected in the statements.
- Payroll AuditHow a payroll audit works in Uzbekistan: pay versus orders and timesheets, deductions, PIT and social tax, holiday pay, civil-law contracts and tax adjustments.
- Process Performance AuditBusiness process performance audit in Uzbekistan: economy and effectiveness criteria, what is reviewed, how losses are measured, how it differs from financial audit.
- Audit of related party transactionsHow an auditor tests related party transactions in Uzbekistan: identifying related parties, transaction terms, IAS 24 disclosure and JSC Law rules.
- Remote AuditRemote audit in Uzbekistan: how an audit runs without a site visit, which procedures can be done off-site and where physical presence is still required.
- Audit of a Trading CompanyAudit of a trading company in Uzbekistan: inventory accounting, trade markup, returns, shortages and revenue recognition in retail and wholesale.
- Review of Financial StatementsA review engagement on financial statements: a limited set of procedures, a different form of conclusion, and when it is more appropriate than a full audit.
- Special Purpose AuditSpecial purpose audit in Uzbekistan: when you need a review of a single statement item, contract or accounting area, and how the engagement is defined.
- Transport Company AuditAudit of a transport company in Uzbekistan: fuel and lubricants accounting, vehicle costs, revenue recognition for haulage and verification of waybills.
- Types of Audit: Classification and PurposeTypes of audit in Uzbekistan: statutory and voluntary under ZRU-677, external, internal and tax audit, financial and operational audit, related services compared.
- Who is an auditor and what does an auditor doAn auditor is a certified professional who independently examines financial statements. What auditors do, how they differ from accountants, and Law ZRU-677 rules.
- What is an auditAn audit is an independent audit firm's examination of financial statements to establish their reliability (Art. 32 ZRU-677). Types, who does it, outcome.
Taxes
- Government Subsidies for Businesses in Uzbekistan: Accounting and TaxHow to account for subsidies, grants and interest compensation under NAS 10, when they are taxable under the Tax Code and what to do if aid is repaid.
- Tax on the sale of a share in an LLC: residents and non-residentsWho pays what on the sale of an LLC share in Uzbekistan: PIT 12% on the gain, corporate tax 15%, 20% withholding for non-residents, and the buyer's agent duties.
- Car Tax in Uzbekistan: What an Owner Actually PaysThe Tax Code of Uzbekistan has no annual tax on passenger cars. What a car owner does pay: a 3 BCV state duty on transfer of ownership, levies and fines.
- How to check your taxes and tax debtHow to check the tax debt of a company, entrepreneur or individual in Uzbekistan: public data, payment demands, 1/300 of the CBU rate per day, enforcement.
- Excise Tax in Uzbekistan: Excisable Goods, Rates and PayersExcise tax under the Tax Code of Uzbekistan: who pays, excisable goods, 2026 rates for tobacco, alcohol, fuel and drinks, the tax base, returns by the 10th, payment.
- VAT Rate on Exports: 0% and How to Support ItExports of goods from Uzbekistan are zero-rated for VAT (Article 260 of the Tax Code): which documents confirm export, how input VAT is offset, when it is refunded.
- VAT on Imported Goods: Base, Calculation and CreditHow VAT on imported goods is calculated in Uzbekistan: customs value + duty + excise, 12% rate, payment before the declaration is accepted, credit after payment.
- Company tax audit: find the risks before the tax inspection doesIndependent tax audit of a company before a State Tax Committee inspection: returns vs books, VAT credits, expenses, related parties. Full and express formats.
- Commercial invoice and tax invoice: how they differ and when each is neededA commercial invoice is a foreign trade document for customs; a tax invoice (ESF) is a Tax Code document. When each is required and how export paperwork works.
- Leasing and VAT Refunds: How to Offset the Tax CorrectlyHow a lessee in Uzbekistan offsets and recovers VAT on lease payments: conditions, lessor documents, commissioning of the asset and common reasons for refusal.
- Non-Deductible Expenses for Corporate Income Tax in UzbekistanWhich expenses do not reduce the corporate income tax base in Uzbekistan: the 36 items of Article 317 of the Tax Code by group, Article 305 tests and typical errors.
- On-site tax inspection: how to prepare and come through without lossesOn-site tax inspection in Uzbekistan: what inspectors check, the procedure, documents to prepare in advance and how to act. Tashkent auditors.
- PIT Exemptions: Which Income Is Tax-FreeWhich personal income is exempt from PIT in Uzbekistan: tuition, subsidized mortgage up to 80 minimum wages, nursery up to UZS 3 million a month, pension savings.
- Personal Income Tax Return in Uzbekistan: Who Files and HowWho files an annual income declaration in Uzbekistan: rent, property sales, foreign income. File by 1 April, pay by 1 June, PIT at 12%, online filing.
- Personal Income Tax (PIT) in Uzbekistan: 12% Rate, Calculation and DeadlinesPersonal income tax (PIT) in Uzbekistan: 12% for residents (Art. 381), 5% on dividends and interest, 6–12% for non-residents. Exemptions, an example, deadlines.
- Property Tax in Uzbekistan: for Individuals and Legal EntitiesProperty tax in Uzbekistan in 2026: rates for individuals (0.36–0.64%) and legal entities (1.5%), tax base, exemptions and payment deadlines explained.
- Social tax in Uzbekistan: the 12% rate, base and payment deadlinesSocial tax in Uzbekistan is 12% of payroll (Article 405 of the Tax Code), 25% for budget organisations, from 1 BCV a month for IEs. Base, deadlines, an example.
- State Duty Rates in Uzbekistan for BusinessesState duty under Law ZRU-600: economic court — 2% of the claim (min. 1 BCV), 50% off for small businesses, registration — 1 BCV, 90% via the portal.
- Subsoil Use Tax: Taxpayers, Base and RatesSubsoil use tax under the Tax Code: who pays, the object and technological losses, the base at weighted average price, 2026 rates, reporting and payment deadlines.
- Reconciling Your Tax Account with the Tax Authority in UzbekistanHow to request a reconciliation statement from the tax authority in Uzbekistan, read your tax account and fix gaps: misdirected payments, overpayments, amendments.
- Tax Inspection SupportSupport during desk and field tax inspections and tax audits in Uzbekistan: company rights under the Tax Code, deadlines, objections and appeals within one month.
- Tax Audit: Company Rights and How to ActTax audits in Uzbekistan: 4 types under Article 137 of the Tax Code, company rights and duties, 5 days for documents, 10 days for objections, appeal within a month.
- Tax Code of Uzbekistan: Structure, Taxes and Where to Read the TextThe current Tax Code of Uzbekistan was approved by Law ZRU-599 of 30.12.2019 and applies from 1 January 2020. Structure, 10 taxes and rates, official text on lex.uz.
- Tax Consultant: One-Off Advice and Ongoing SupportTax consultant in Uzbekistan: one-off advice on transactions and ongoing tax support for businesses, including foreign companies and double tax treaties.
- Tax Depreciation in Uzbekistan: Rates by Group and Differences from Book DepreciationMaximum tax depreciation rates under Article 306 of the Tax Code: buildings 5%, machinery 20%, computers 40%. The 50 BCV threshold and 20%/10% investment deduction.
- Tax Incentives for Companies in Uzbekistan: Types and How to Apply ThemTax incentives for legal entities in Uzbekistan: 0% rate and 50% reduction, foreign investment, SEZ, property tax. Conditions under Article 75 of the Tax Code.
- Tax Loss Carryforward in Uzbekistan: Rules and LimitsCarrying forward profit tax losses under Article 333 of the Tax Code: what counts as a tax loss, how much profit it offsets, ordering and ring-fenced losses.
- Tax on Selling an Apartment: When to Pay and How MuchWhen an individual pays tax on selling an apartment in Uzbekistan: ownership under 36 months, 12% PIT on the gain, cadastral value, return due by 1 April.
- Tax Optimisation: What Is Legal and What Is NotLegal tax optimisation in Uzbekistan: choosing the tax regime, applying exemptions, sound structuring of transactions and groups. No schemes, no sham deals.
- Tax Overpayment in Uzbekistan: Offset or RefundHow to recover overpaid tax under the Tax Code of Uzbekistan: three-year claim period, 15-day refund, reconciliation with the tax office, late-refund interest.
- Tax Residency Certificate in Uzbekistan: How to ObtainUzbek tax residency certificate for double tax treaties: who is resident, applying via my.soliq.uz or a public services centre, 3 working days, rejection grounds.
- Tax Risk Rating of Companies in Uzbekistan: How It WorksHow the tax authority sorts companies into low, medium and high risk: criteria, the formula, review every six months, tax audits and the AAA sustainability rating.
- Written Tax Clarification in Uzbekistan: How to Request It and Does It Protect YouHow to request a written clarification from the tax authority or Ministry of Finance in Uzbekistan, response times, and when it protects against fines and penalties.
- Tax Timing Surveys (Khronometrazh) in UzbekistanHow Uzbekistan's tax authority runs a timing survey: at least 7 days in a row within a field tax inspection, what is recorded, the report and business rights.
- Taxes in Uzbekistan: Types of Taxes, Rates and Who Pays WhatAll taxes in Uzbekistan under the Tax Code with 2026 rates: VAT 12%, corporate income tax 15%, PIT 12%, social tax 12%, turnover tax 4% and 1%. Who pays what.
- TIN in Uzbekistan: How to Find Your Number and Check a CounterpartyWhat the TIN and PINFL are in Uzbekistan, where the TIN is required, how to find your number and which data on a counterparty is public: debts, regime, VAT.
- Tourist Tax in Uzbekistan: Rates and Obligations for HotelsUzbekistan tourist (hotel) fee: 0.4% of BCV for citizens, room-based rates for foreigners, transfer by the 5th, 0.05% daily penalty, no VAT on the fee.
- VAT Apportionment: the Pro Rata Method with Taxable and Exempt SuppliesHow to offset input VAT with taxable and exempt supplies: separate and pro rata methods under Art. 268 of the Tax Code, the 5% rule, adjustments and an example.
- 12% VAT Calculator: How to Add and Extract the Tax12% VAT calculator (Article 258 of the Tax Code): add VAT — amount × 12/100, extract VAT included — amount × 12/112. Examples in UZS, rounding and common mistakes.
- VAT Check: Counterparty Status and Tax Authority AuditsHow to check whether a counterparty is a VAT payer (by TIN) and how the tax authority checks VAT in Uzbekistan: input credits, e-invoices, desk audits on refunds.
- "Without VAT": Exemption, Zero Rate and Input VAT Credit"Without VAT" in Uzbekistan: how exemption, the zero rate and working outside the VAT regime differ, and how each is reflected in documents. A Leader Audit guide.
- VAT Gap (Tax Break in the VAT Chain) in UzbekistanWhat a VAT gap is, how it relates to high-risk e-invoices from 2026, what to do with a tax authority notice of discrepancies and how to protect your VAT offset.
- Returned Goods and VAT: How to Adjust the Tax CorrectlyHow to account for VAT on returned goods in Uzbekistan: the seller's additional e-invoice (ESF), adjusting tax and input VAT on both sides, partial returns, errors.
- VAT rate in Uzbekistan: 12% and when 0% appliesUzbekistan's VAT rate is 12% (Article 258 of the Tax Code) since 1 January 2023; 0% for exports and international transport. Who pays, imports, non-residents.
- VAT Refunds for Exporters: Procedure, Deadlines and DocumentsVAT refunds for exporters in Uzbekistan: application via the personal account, desk audit up to 30 days, refund within 30 or 7 days. Documents, fast track, refusals.
- VAT Refund for an IE: When the Right Arises and How the Procedure WorksWhen an individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan can get a VAT refund: VAT payer status, input VAT exceeding output VAT, documents and common reasons for refusal.
- VAT Refund on an Apartment Purchase: What Is Possible and What Is a MythVAT refund on buying an apartment in Uzbekistan: why an individual cannot recover the tax, what happens when a company buys housing, which mechanisms exist.
- Water Use Tax in Uzbekistan: Payers, Base and RatesWater use tax under the Tax Code of Uzbekistan: who pays, metered volume as the base, 2026 rates (UZS 749 and 910 per cubic metre), fivefold rates, advances, filing.
Accounting and reporting
- Certificate of Completed Works (Services Rendered): Details, Timing and the E-InvoiceDo you need a certificate of completed works if an e-invoice is issued? Mandatory details under the Accounting Law, VAT turnover date, acceptance and e-signature.
- Accountant for Individuals: How a Specialist Can HelpHelp for individuals with the annual income tax return in Uzbekistan: who files, the 1 April filing and 1 June payment deadlines, foreign, rental and sale income.
- The Accountant Profession: Duties, Requirements for the Chief Accountant and LiabilityWhat accountants and chief accountants do in Uzbekistan, legal requirements for the chief accountant of a company subject to mandatory audit, signing rights.
- Accounting and Legal Services in One PackageAccounting and legal support from one team in Uzbekistan: tax-aware contract review before signing, HR documents, transactions and replies to authorities.
- Accounting Basics: Principles, Accounts and Entries for BeginnersAccounting from scratch under Uzbek law: double entry, the NAS No. 21 chart of accounts, primary documents, registers, financial statements, sample entries.
- Accounting consultation: which questions it solves and how to get a precise answerAccounting and tax consultation in Uzbekistan: which questions it solves, one-off, retainer and online formats, what to prepare and the form of the answer.
- Accounting courses: how to choose a programme and not waste your timeTypes of accounting courses: from scratch, for practitioners, on 1C and IFRS, for entrepreneurs. What a programme should contain and how to vet a school first.
- Accounting for ServicesAccounting for service companies in Uzbekistan: when to recognize revenue, acts and e-invoices, advances, VAT and turnover tax, contract costs, typical errors.
- Restoring accounting records: stages, documents, timelinesRestoring bookkeeping for past periods in Uzbekistan: warning signs, stages and results, documents, depth under Article 88 of the Tax Code, reducing tax risks.
- Cost of Accounting Services: What Drives the Price and How to Compare OffersCost of accounting services for IEs and LLCs in Uzbekistan: how documents, VAT, staff, imports and the state of the books affect price, and how to compare offers.
- Accounting Services for Individual Entrepreneurs: Taxes, Reporting and What the Service CoversBookkeeping for individual entrepreneurs in 2026: 1% turnover tax up to UZS 1 billion, social tax from 1 BCV a month, returns by the 15th, e-invoices.
- Accounting services for an LLC: bookkeeping, taxes, payroll and reportingBookkeeping for an LLC in Uzbekistan: what the service covers, VAT by the 20th, profit tax, payroll, e-invoices, annual financial statements by 1 March, liability.
- Accounts Receivable Accountant: Controlling Customer SettlementsWhat an accounts receivable accountant does: reconciliation statements, ageing analysis, bad debt allowance, claims and owner reporting before a debt is written off.
- Average Earnings Calculation in UzbekistanHow to calculate average wages under Article 257 of the Labor Code: 12 months, 1/12 of pay, 25.3 working days, excluded periods, vacation, business trips, benefits.
- Balance sheet and income statement: how to read Forms No. 1 and No. 2What the balance sheet (Form No. 1) and the statement of financial results (Form No. 2) show in Uzbekistan, how the two forms connect, and the most common errors.
- Balance Sheet in 1C: Preparation and ReviewWhere to find the balance sheet (Form No. 1) in 1C and how to prepare it: month-end close, trial balance check, NAS No. 21 accounts, causes of discrepancies.
- Bank Transactions Accountant: What the Role CoversThe bank function: statements and payment allocation, FX transactions and exchange differences, acquiring, tax payments, account freezes.
- Accounting for a Beauty Salon: What to Keep in MindBeauty salon accounting in Uzbekistan: stylist models and their taxes, cash and fiscal receipts, gift cards and packages, materials, turnover tax or VAT.
- Bonuses and Financial Aid to Employees: Documentation and TaxesHow to document bonuses and financial aid to employees in Uzbekistan and which taxes apply: 12% PIT, 12% social tax, and the PIT exemption for financial aid.
- Bookkeeping for an Individual Entrepreneur: What to Keep, What to Store and Where the Risks AreWhat an individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan must keep: income records for turnover tax, e-invoices (ESF), purchase and sales books, social tax, record retention.
- Bookkeeping in Uzbekistan: What the Law Requires and How to Organise ItBookkeeping under Uzbek law: accounting policy, primary documents, ledgers, inventory counts, reporting by March 1, 5-year retention, in-house or outsourced.
- Capital Expenditure and Construction in Progress: Accounting and CommissioningCapital expenditure under NAS No. 5 and the 0800 accounts: what goes into cost, loan interest, commissioning, VAT credit and property tax on construction.
- Car Service and Repair Shop Accounting: Parts, Labour and TaxesAccounting for a car repair shop: labour and parts kept apart, accounts 9020 and 9030, 4% turnover tax or 12% VAT, 1% for IEs, separate records under Article 468.
- Chart of Accounts under NAS No. 21: Structure and CodesThe new NAS No. 21 applies from 1 January 2025: five chapters, codes 0100–9900, off-balance accounts 001–016, typical entries and common errors.
- Civil Law Contract vs Employment Contract in Uzbekistan: Taxes and RisksContractor or employee in Uzbekistan: 12% PIT and 12% social tax apply in both cases, Labour Code guarantees, and the risk of a court reclassifying the contract.
- Collective Agreement in Uzbekistan: Is It Mandatory and What to IncludeCollective agreements under Uzbekistan's Labour Code: whether they are mandatory, who starts bargaining, what to include, approval and signing, and the 3-year limit.
- Accounting for a Construction Company: Projects, Contracts, MaterialsAccounting in construction: costs by project, completion certificates, subcontracting, customer-supplied materials, work in progress, VAT and contractor profit tax.
- Contract penalties and fines: accounting and tax consequencesContractual penalties under the Civil Code: fines and daily penalties, when penalties received are income, why those paid are not deductible, VAT and WHT.
- Uzbekistan Regulation on Cost Composition (CM Resolution No. 54)Uzbekistan's Regulation on Cost Composition No. 54: what goes into production cost, what counts as period and financial expenses, and how it differs from tax rules.
- Deferred Expenses: What to Include and How to Write Them OffWhat counts as deferred (prepaid) expenses under NAS 21: prepaid rent, insurance, subscriptions, accounts 3110–3190, write-off methods and treatment for profit tax.
- E-imzo Digital Signature: How to Get, Renew and Safely Use the KeyE-imzo electronic digital signature in Uzbekistan: documents to get a key, 1 working day review, renewal 2 weeks ahead, change of director — under ZRU-793.
- Electronic Document Management in Uzbekistan: Contracts, Acts and EDI OperatorsMoving contracts and acts to electronic form: legal force of e-documents and digital signatures, mandatory details, EDI operators, storage for at least 5 years.
- Electronic Work Record Book in Uzbekistan: How to Check Service and Make EntriesHow Uzbekistan's electronic work record book works in the National Labour System: checking service on my.mehnat.uz, who makes entries, adding past service, errors.
- Employee Gifts and Benefits in Kind in Uzbekistan: Tax RulesAre gifts, meals, transport and housing for staff subject to PIT: the 2.11 minimum wage gift limit, material benefit under Article 376 and profit tax deductions.
- Voluntary Health Insurance for Employees: Taxes and AccountingVoluntary health insurance for employees: whether the premium is subject to PIT, whether it is deductible for profit tax, and how paying a clinic directly differs.
- Employee Material Liability in UzbekistanEmployee liability for damage under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: average monthly wage cap, 8 cases of full liability, liability agreements, inquiry and deductions.
- Transfer to Another Job and Changing the Terms of an Employment ContractTransferring an employee and changing working conditions under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: consent, temporary transfer up to a year, downtime limits, the order.
- Employment Contract in Uzbekistan: Mandatory Terms, Form and RegistrationEmployment contracts under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: mandatory terms, written form, registration in the Unified National Labor System, probation and fines.
- Events After the Reporting Period: Which to Reflect in Annual Financial StatementsAdjusting and non-adjusting events after 31 December: when to correct annual statements, what to disclose, the 1 March and 1 May deadlines, amended returns.
- Expense Report: Deadlines, Documents and TaxesExpense reports for cash advances and business trips in Uzbekistan: 3 working days after the trip, what documents to attach, per diems within limits free of PIT.
- Financial Statement Analysis: Reading the Statements TogetherAnalysing the balance sheet and income statement: horizontal and vertical analysis, liquidity and profitability ratios, and the conclusions an owner can draw.
- Financial and Tax Reporting: What Is the DifferenceHow financial statements differ from tax returns in Uzbekistan: forms, filing deadlines, reports the tax authority prepares from 2026, and why figures differ.
- Fixed-Term Employment Contract in Uzbekistan: When It Is Allowed and How It EndsFixed-term contracts under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: up to 3 years, 5 years with extensions, grounds in Articles 112–113, 3-day notice and contractual penalties.
- Waybills and Fuel Write-off in Uzbekistan: Consumption Norms and DocumentsHow to write off fuel against waybills in Uzbekistan: what an electronic waybill records, consumption norms, account 1030 and when fuel is deductible for profit tax.
- Hotel Accounting in Uzbekistan: Revenue, Tourist Fee and TaxesHotel accounting: prepayments and bookings, revenue by nights stayed, the tourist (hotel) fee — rates as % of BCV, special account, transfer by the 5th, tax reliefs.
- Accounting firm: how to choose a provider and what to check before signingHow to choose an accounting firm in Uzbekistan: legal requirements for the provider, qualifications, contract and liability, confidentiality, handover and red flags.
- HR Record-Keeping: How to Organise Personnel DocumentationPersonnel records under Uzbekistan's Labour Code: mandatory documents, electronic employment records, storage, typical violations and outsourcing HR administration.
- IAS 12 Income Taxes: Key Requirements and ExamplesIAS 12 in plain terms: current and deferred tax, temporary differences, tax base, deferred tax assets on losses and the 15% rate under Uzbekistan's Tax Code.
- IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment: key requirements and examplesIAS 16 explained: recognition and cost of PPE, components, the cost and revaluation models, depreciation and derecognition, with typical conversion errors.
- IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates”: Key Requirements and ExamplesIAS 21 in plain terms: how to determine functional currency, which rate to use for foreign currency transactions, monetary items and presentation currency.
- IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets: Key Requirements and ExamplesIAS 37 in plain terms: when to recognise a provision for a lawsuit or warranty, how to measure it, how to treat contingent liabilities and assets, and the tax view.
- IAS 40 Investment Property: Key Requirements and ExamplesIAS 40 in plain terms: what counts as investment property, how it differs from property, plant and equipment, and choosing the fair value or cost model.
- IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement: Key Requirements and ExamplesIFRS 13 in plain terms: fair value as an exit price, the principal market, highest and best use, the three levels of the hierarchy and disclosures, with examples.
- IFRS 16 Leases: how leases are reflected in the financial statementsIFRS 16 Leases: right-of-use asset and lease liability on the lessee's balance sheet, what counts as a lease, discount rate, exemptions and preparing for transition.
- IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations: key requirements and examplesIFRS 5 step by step: when an asset or disposal group is classified as held for sale, how to measure it and how to present discontinued operations in the accounts.
- IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures — Key Requirements and ExamplesWhat IFRS 7 requires: instrument categories, fair value, credit risk and expected credit losses, maturity analysis and market risk sensitivity, with paragraph refs.
- IFRS 9 Financial InstrumentsIFRS 9 in plain terms: recognition of financial assets, three measurement categories — amortised cost, FVOCI, FVTPL — and expected credit losses in Uzbekistan.
- IFRS accounting: chart of accounts, parallel accounting and conversionHow to keep IFRS books in Uzbekistan: conversion or parallel accounting, an IFRS chart of accounts and NAS No. 21, 1C setup, accounting policy and errors.
- IFRS Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position): Format, Line Items, ExampleWhat an IFRS balance sheet looks like: required line items of the statement of financial position (IAS 1), an example, differences from NAS Form 1, adjustments.
- IFRS Consolidation: How Several Companies Become One Set of Financial StatementsIFRS consolidation for a group of companies in Uzbekistan: perimeter, uniform accounting policies, elimination of intragroup transactions, goodwill, common mistakes.
- Preparing IFRS Financial Statements: Full Set, Stages and DeadlinesPreparing IFRS financial statements in Uzbekistan: the full set of statements and notes, conversion or parallel accounting, the 1 May filing deadline and the audit.
- Inventory Accounting under IFRS: Measurement, Cost Formulas and Write-DownsInventory accounting under IAS 2: what is included in cost, FIFO and weighted average cost, write-down to net realisable value, typical errors, a worked example.
- IFRS statement of cash flows and what it showsIFRS statement of cash flows (IAS 7): operating, investing and financing activities, direct and indirect methods, cash equivalents and common preparation errors.
- The IKPU (MXIK) Code: How to Find It, Request It and Use It CorrectlyIKPU (MXIK) is the 17-digit product or service code for e-invoices and online cash registers. How to find it on tasnif.soliq.uz, request a new one, and the 1% fine.
- Inventory count forms: a full set of documents for the stock countA full set of stock-count forms in Uzbekistan: count order, fixed asset and inventory count sheets, cash count report, reconciliation report, variance sheet.
- Inventory Count Report: How to Prepare a Document That Holds Up Under ReviewInventory count report in Uzbekistan: why you need it, what it must contain, who signs it and which drafting errors void the results. An auditors' guide.
- Labor Disputes in Uzbekistan: Commission, Inspectorate and CourtIndividual labor disputes under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: commission within 10 days, court, 3-month deadline for reinstatement and 6 months for other claims.
- LLC reporting: tax and financial returnsWhich returns an LLC files in Uzbekistan and when: tax and financial reporting, pre-submission checks and amended returns. We prepare and file them for you on time.
- Management AccountingWe set up and run management accounting: P&L by business line, cash flow, management balance sheet, budget and plan-vs-actual based on your accounting data.
- Manufacturing Accounting in Uzbekistan: Product Costing and Work in ProgressManufacturing accounting under NAS No. 21 in Uzbekistan: accounts 2010, 2310, 2510, allocating production overheads, product costing and valuing work in progress.
- Private Clinic Accounting: Medical Services, VAT and the LicenceAccounting for a private clinic: why turnover tax does not apply, 12% VAT, the 0% profit tax rate for the social sector, the licence and accounting for medicines.
- Mutual Offset Between Companies in Uzbekistan: Documents, E-Invoices and TaxClosing mutual debts by set-off: conditions of Article 343 of the Civil Code, when set-off is prohibited, documents, VAT, exports and non-resident payments.
- Uzbek NAS No. 6 “Lease Accounting”: Requirements ExplainedNAS No. 6 as amended in 2025: how to tell a finance lease from an operating lease, what the lessee and lessor record, which accounts and disclosures apply.
- Uzbek NAS No. 7 “Intangible Assets”: Requirements ExplainedNAS No. 7 (2024 edition): when an intangible is recognized (over 12 months, 50 BCV threshold), initial cost, amortization methods, revaluation and disposal.
- NAS 9 Cash Flow Statement: Requirements and Practice in UzbekistanNAS 9 as in force from 1 January 2025: three activities, direct and indirect method, foreign currency, interest and taxes, and the form lines under Regulation 3567.
- NAS: what Uzbekistan's national accounting standards are and how they differ from IFRSNAS are Uzbekistan's national accounting standards. Which NAS apply in 2026, who must keep IFRS accounts, and what will replace NAS No. 1 from 1 January 2027.
- Accounting for Non-Profit Organizations and Foundations in Uzbekistan: Targeted Funds and ReportingAccounting for NGOs and public foundations in Uzbekistan: 8800 accounts for grants and dues, separate records, income exempt under Article 318 and reporting.
- Nil Returns for an LLC and an IE: What to File and WhenWhat a dormant LLC or individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan must file: forms, deadlines, when reports stop being nil and penalties for failing to file.
- Notes to Financial Statements: What to Disclose in UzbekistanWhat goes into the notes to annual NAS statements: basis of preparation, accounting policies, changes and errors, equity, cash flows, and what changes from 2027.
- One-Off Accounting Services: Formats and When They Make SenseOne-off accounting help without a retainer: an annual or nil report, an amended return, correcting e-invoices, responding to a tax authority request.
- Outsourced Chief AccountantOutsourced chief accountant service in Uzbekistan: what an external specialist is responsible for and how duties are split with the in-house accounting team.
- Payroll outsourcingOutsource payroll in Uzbekistan: accruals per timesheet, holiday and sick pay, personal income tax and social tax, payslips and returns filed on time.
- Managing Primary DocumentationPrimary documents in accounting: which are needed, mandatory details, e-invoices and electronic document flow, corrections and the 5-year storage period.
- Primary documents accountant: receiving and checking source documentsWhat a primary documents accountant does in Uzbekistan: receiving and checking waybills, acts and e-invoices, mandatory details, posting in 1C and archiving.
- Probation Period in Uzbekistan: Length, Pay and DismissalProbation under the Uzbek Labour Code: up to 3 months, 6 for heads and chief accountants, who cannot be put on probation, pay, and 3 days' written notice.
- Reconciliation Statement: How to Draft It and Handle DifferencesReconciliation statements in Uzbekistan: structure and signatures, resolving differences, acknowledgment of debt and the three-year limitation period.
- Redundancy and Severance Pay: Procedure, Notice, PaymentsRedundancy under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: two months' notice, offering other work, who stays, the minimum severance pay by length of service and its taxation.
- Remote AccountingHow a remote accountant works in Uzbekistan: e-invoices and digital signature, taxpayer account access, document exchange, who keeps cash and originals.
- Remote Work Employment in UzbekistanRemote employees under the Uzbek Labour Code: remote work contract, e-signing, working time, equipment and expenses, at least 21 days of leave, homeworkers compared.
- Resignation in Uzbekistan: Notice Period and Final PayResigning under Uzbekistan’s new Labour Code: 14 days’ notice, withdrawing the notice, the last day, final pay, unused leave and late payment compensation.
- Restaurant Accounting: Costing, Write-offs and CashAccounting for restaurants and cafes in Uzbekistan: costing, write-offs of food, cash and staff. Industry specifics, taxes and how Leader Audit helps in Tashkent.
- RFID Inventory Count: Automating the Count and Its LimitsRFID inventory: how radio-frequency identification speeds up asset counts, what is needed to implement it and why documenting the results remains mandatory.
- Rotational Work in Uzbekistan: Documentation, Pay and AllowancesRotational work under the Labor Code of Uzbekistan: rotations up to 1 month (3 in exceptional cases), summarised hours, allowance of at least 50% of minimum wage.
- Salary Payment Deadlines in Uzbekistan and Late Payment LiabilityPay at least twice a month with no more than 16 days between parts, final pay on the termination day, vacation pay before leave. Late pay compensation and fines.
- Sales accountant: responsibilities and typical errorsWhat a sales accountant does in Uzbekistan: shipping documents and e-invoices, revenue recognition, advances, returns, reconciliations and typical errors.
- Secondary Employment in Uzbekistan: Internal and External, Leave and TaxesInternal and external secondary employment under the Labor Code: contract, documents, up to half of standard hours, pay, annual leave, PIT and tax benefits.
- Setting Up Accounting From Scratch: A Step-by-Step PlanHow to set up accounting in a new company: tax regime, accounting policy, chart of accounts under NAS 21, software, e-invoices and first reporting. Checklist.
- Shareholder Loans in Uzbekistan: Interest-Free Loans, Financial Aid, Tax and AccountingHow to document money from a founder: a loan, a charter capital contribution or free aid. Imputed income at the refinancing rate, PIT on interest, accounts.
- Sick Leave: Benefit Amount and CalculationHow much sick pay is in Uzbekistan: 60% with under 8 years' service, 80% from 8 years, 100% for certain groups. Calculation under Art. 257 of the Labour Code.
- Accounting Services for Small BusinessesAccounting for small enterprises and micro-firms in Uzbekistan: mandatory reports, what a minimum package includes, where to save safely and when to expand.
- Stocktaking: How to Run It Without Mix-ups and Disputes With AccountingA stocktake of assets and liabilities is mandatory under Article 16 of the Law on Accounting; procedure and timing follow NAS No. 19. How to run it without mix-ups.
- Tax accounting servicesWe keep tax records in Uzbekistan: registers and tax calculations by regime, returns on time, book-tax differences, reconciling e-invoices and my.soliq tax accounts.
- Accounting Services Under the Simplified Regime: Turnover Tax AccountingUzbekistan's simplified regime is the turnover tax: UZS 1bn threshold, returns by the 15th, e-invoices, switching to VAT. What an accountant does for LLCs and IEs.
- Uzbekistan Working Calendar 2026: Public Holidays and Working DaysPublic holidays and extra days off in Uzbekistan in 2026 under the Labour Code and Decree UP-257, weekend transfers for 5- and 6-day weeks, hours norm.
- Vacation pay: how to calculate it and when to pay itHow to calculate vacation pay under Uzbekistan's Labour Code: 12-month average pay, divide by 25.3, Sundays unpaid, paid before leave, 12% PIT.
- Warehouse Stocktake: Preparation, Counting and DiscrepanciesHow to run a warehouse stocktake: preparation, counting by storage location, grade mix-ups, shortages and surpluses, slow-moving stock and the link to accounting.
- Working Hours in Uzbekistan: Standard Hours, Part-Time and Reduced Working TimeWorking hours under Uzbekistan's Labour Code: 40 hours a week, 7 or 8-hour shifts, reduced hours up to 36, part-time work, night work, overtime and time records.
- Workplace Attestation (Working Conditions Assessment) in UzbekistanWorking conditions assessment in Uzbekistan: which workplaces must be assessed, at least every 5 years, assessing bodies, 50-year retention, benefits, fines.
- Accounting for Workwear and Protective Equipment: Issue, Wear Periods and Write-OffHow to issue and write off workwear and protective equipment: issue norms under the Labour Code, accounts 1080 and off-balance 014, PIT and profit tax deductions.
- Writing Off Accounts Payable: When Income ArisesWhen to write off a debt to a supplier: the 3-year limitation period, what interrupts it, the entry to account 9360, and income for profit tax and turnover tax.
- Yandex Taxi Accounting: How a Fleet Partner Keeps the Books Without DiscrepanciesAccounting for a Yandex Taxi fleet partner in Uzbekistan: revenue from aggregator reports, platform commission, cash, settlements with drivers, car costs and taxes.
Doing business and company registration
- Names for an individual entrepreneur: how to choose one and use it lawfullyNames for an individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan: how an IE’s official name differs from a company name, choosing a trade name and protecting it as a trademark.
- Change of Director of an LLC in UzbekistanChanging an LLC director under Law ZRU-1137: participants' resolution, ending the old contract, a 10-minute registry update and e-signature key handover.
- Changing the Registered Address of an LLC or IE in Uzbekistan: Procedure and Tax ConsequencesHow to change the registered address of an LLC or IE in Uzbekistan: notice within 10 days, the tax debt condition, tax registration and steps after the move.
- Increasing and Reducing an LLC's Charter Capital: Procedure and TaxesHow to increase or reduce an LLC's charter capital under new Law ZRU-1137: a 2/3 vote, contribution deadlines, re-registration, creditors' rights and the tax impact.
- Free Economic Zones in Uzbekistan: Benefits and Conditions for ParticipantsFEZs in Uzbekistan: types of special economic zones, project requirements, tax and customs benefits, accelerated depreciation from 1 April 2026, loss of status.
- Free Legal Consultation for Businesses: What You Can Realistically CoverFree legal consultation for businesses online and by phone: which questions one conversation can settle, what to prepare and when a full review is needed.
- How to Move from an Individual Entrepreneur to an LLC: Procedure, Assets and TaxesMoving from an IE to an LLC: setting up the company, contributing assets to charter capital and VAT, valuation above 10,000 BCV, contracts, staff transfer and taxes.
- Individual Entrepreneur or LLC: Which to Choose for a Business in UzbekistanIndividual entrepreneur or LLC: liability, owners, 1% and 4% turnover tax, dividends and record-keeping — a comparison for starting a business in Uzbekistan.
- Setting Up a Joint-Stock Company in Uzbekistan: Capital, Share Issue, AuditHow to incorporate a JSC: founders' agreement and meeting, charter, no general minimum charter fund, placing shares within a year, governing bodies, annual audit.
- Legal Audit of a CompanyLegal audit of a company in Uzbekistan: review of founding documents, contracts, title to assets and licences. Identifying risks before a deal or investment.
- Legal Services for Business: What They Include and How to ChooseLegal services for companies in Uzbekistan: contracts, transaction support, tax disputes and inspections. How legal fees are set and what the work includes.
- LLC Charter in Uzbekistan: Mandatory Provisions and Common MistakesWhat an LLC charter must contain under Law No. ZRU-1137 of 21.04.2026, which clauses protect participants and the most common drafting mistakes.
- General Meeting of LLC Participants: Competence, Minutes, VotingThe LLC general meeting under the new Law ZRU-1137: exclusive competence, the annual meeting, 30 days' notice, voting thresholds, minutes and challenging decisions.
- Turnkey LLC liquidation: from the participants' resolution to the register entryTurnkey LLC liquidation in Uzbekistan: resolution, liquidator, creditors, tax audit and liquidation balance sheet. Scope and what drives the cost.
- Turnkey LLC Registration: From the Charter to Working AccountsTurnkey LLC registration in Uzbekistan: charter, my.gov.uz application, tax regime choice, bank, e-signature and bookkeeping from day one. State duty 1 BCV.
- Major Transactions and Interested-Party Transactions in an LLC in UzbekistanWhich LLC transactions need approval under Law No. ZRU-1137: the 25% net assets test, interest from 20% of votes, and transactions with affiliated persons.
- Opening a Bank Account for an LLC or IE in Uzbekistan: Documents and DeadlinesOpening an LLC or IE bank account under Central Bank Instruction No. 3420: main and secondary accounts, documents, next-day deadline, remote opening.
- Real Estate Legal Consultation: Company Transactions and Their ConsequencesReal estate legal consultation: support for company deals with commercial property, tax consequences, accounting and leases. Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
- How to Register as an Individual Entrepreneur in Uzbekistan: Procedure, Documents and FeeRegistering an individual entrepreneur in Uzbekistan in 2026: online in up to 30 minutes, 1 BCV fee (440,000 soums), 1% turnover tax, up to 5 employees, limits.
- Sole founder as director: is an employment contract and salary requiredDoes a director who is the sole participant of an LLC need an employment contract and salary: the Labour Code, the new LLC law, tax on salary versus dividends.
- Staffing table: how to prepare and approve itIs a staffing table required in Uzbekistan, what it should contain, how to approve and amend it, and why without it redundancy and salaries are hard to justify.
- Termination by the employer in Uzbekistan: grounds and procedureArticle 161 grounds under the Labour Code of Uzbekistan, prohibitions, notice periods, severance pay, final settlement and disciplinary dismissal rules.
- Working-time timesheet: how to keep and store itWorking-time records under the Labour Code of Uzbekistan: what to record, daily, weekly and cumulative accounting, overtime and retention periods.
- Weekend, holiday and night work: pay and paperworkHow the Labour Code of Uzbekistan allows weekend and holiday work and what to pay: double rate or a day off, night hours from 22:00 to 6:00 at 1.5 times the rate.
Reference values and calculators
- BCV in Uzbekistan: UZS 440,000 from 1 September 2026Base calculation value (BCV) in Uzbekistan from 1 September 2026 is UZS 440,000 (UP-115), previously 412,000. History since 2021, fines and fees in BCV.
- DipIFR: What the Diploma Is, the Exam and PreparationDipIFR is the ACCA Diploma in International Financial Reporting: who needs it and what it gives an accountant and a company in Uzbekistan.
- How to Find Your Tax Office in UzbekistanWhich tax inspectorate a company or IE belongs to: registration by location and branches, the my.soliq.uz personal cabinet, the 2026–2027 shift to district offices.
- IAS 36: Impairment of Assets and Testing Their Carrying AmountImpairment of assets under IAS 36: indicators, recoverable amount and value in use, cash-generating units, goodwill, a worked impairment test and disclosures.
- IFRS: Intangible Assets and the Rules for Recognizing ThemIAS 38 on intangible assets: recognition criteria, research and development, amortization, revaluation, impairment and how it differs from Uzbekistan's NAS No. 7.
- The IFRS Board: Who Develops International Standards and HowThe IASB and the IFRS Foundation: how standards are adopted, what IFRIC interpretations and ISSB standards are, and why companies in Uzbekistan should follow them.
- Transition to IFRS: First-Time Adoption (IFRS 1)How to move to IFRS in Uzbekistan: who must, voluntary transition notice, transition date and opening balance under IFRS 1, exemptions and equity reconciliations.
- IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with CustomersIFRS 15: the five-step revenue recognition model — contract, performance obligations, transaction price, allocation, recognition when control transfers.
- IFRS 17: Accounting for Insurance ContractsIFRS 17 on insurance contracts: general model, simplified approach, variable fee approach, contractual service margin (CSM), grouping of contracts and transition.
- The IFRS Conceptual Framework: The Foundation the Standards Rest OnThe IFRS Conceptual Framework: objective of financial reporting, qualitative characteristics, elements, recognition and measurement, and how they apply in practice.
- IFRS Courses: How to Choose a Programme and Not Waste Your TimeIFRS courses for accountants and finance staff: programme types, how they differ, what drives the cost of IFRS training and how to apply it in your company.
- IFRS in Banks: How a Financial Institution's Reporting DiffersIFRS for banks: how a financial institution's statements differ from a corporate's, expected credit loss allowances, risk disclosures and preparing for the audit.
- IFRS: What the Standards Are and Who Applies Them in UzbekistanIFRS in plain terms: how the system of standards works, key IAS and IFRS standards, who must apply IFRS in Uzbekistan and how they differ from national standards.
- IFRS in Russian: how to work with translations of the international standardsWhere to find IFRS in Russian: official translations of the standards, IFRS 9, 15 and 16 in Russian, how to check the version is current and handle terminology.
- IFRS Statement of Profit or Loss: How to Read and Prepare ItIFRS statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income: structure, recognition of revenue and expenses, differences from national reporting, common errors.
- The Income Statement: How to Read a Company's ResultsHow to read an income statement: revenue, gross and operating profit, net result, accounting vs management profit, and the most common distortions.
- Minimum Wage in Uzbekistan: UZS 1,360,000 from 1 September 2026Minimum wage in Uzbekistan from 1 September 2026 is UZS 1,360,000 a month (UP-115), previously 1,271,000. History since 2021, employer duties, part-time pay.
- Websites for Accountants: Which Resources You Actually NeedWebsites for accountants in Uzbekistan: legislation, taxpayer account, e-invoices (ESF), digital signatures, exchange rates: what each is for and how to verify.
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